Finn Dennis's Blog

the Test of Professional Competence became operational.

finndennis — Fri, 23 Jul 2010 01:19:07 +0000

the Test of Professional Competence became operational.
Obviously the progress made in educational thinking just prior to 1973, and in its interpretation, had been quite dramatic and the way was clear for the first time to develop long-term objectives for education.
In 1973, approximately 14% of the persons training for building surveying were doing so through full-time study; still a minority, but trends were obvious and it was predicted that seven years later, by 1980 and that percentage would have increased to around 30%; in the event the figure was 46%.
Alongside the development of full-time courses there had to be provision for the part-time student and in consequence suitable curricula and syllabuses had to be devised.
Care was taken to make building surveying curricula more apposite to the work of the candidate and the technological aspects being increased at the expense of law and economics.
The teaching methods in the full-time courses were centred upon projects which sought to provide a simulated work situation and to integrate what might otherwise appear to be disparate subject areas and to engender in the student independence and originality of thought.
This mode of study was too time-consuming to be suited to the part-time student and it had to be assumed that these benefits would be provided by the employer and the real-life work situation.
Similarly, peripheral studies such as logic, decision making, design studies, available to the full-time student, were not included in the Institution’s examinations.
There were thus two examination systems set on diverging courses for membership of the same Division.
Subsequent curriculum development has simultaneously reflected and led the professional work of the Division: in both full- and part-time courses, emphasis has been placed upon such areas as cost-in-use and design and management studies, by way of work activities, and computer applications and energy analysis as forward indicators.
Course adjustments may be put into effect immediately in the case of full-time courses, while, in order to protect the interests of part-time students locked into the Institution’s examination programme, adequate forward notice and even a transitional period with parallel diets, have had to be offered.
Of necessity it has meant that the development of the Institution’s syllabuses tends to reflect what is and rather than what will be.
To fulfil a positive role for a profession, its education and training programme should equip candidates for what will be demanded of them in their future careers.
Accepting that the average study period for a student is six to seven years long, an educational programme on which he starts is required to offer that body of knowledge and those skills that he will be required to demonstrate ten to fifteen years on.
At the end of that period, in mid-career, most surveyors will nowadays be involved in some form of re-training, and the trauma of that experience will be alleviated where the original education input was right.
The problem this poses for the educationalist is formidable because, as well as designing curricula that will help the surveyor cope with future changes, he has also to provide the basis of a training experience to enable him to cope with contemporary practice.
In the current climate of change and innovation, education must anticipate and supply professional skills even before their need is perceived by the profession.
The most obvious example of such foresight being required is in the use and application of the “new technology”.
In 19723 full-time courses in the polytechnics began to offer computing studies as part of the normal curriculum and attempts were also made as early as 1969 to include a European language; while the latter proved to be an irrelevance and the former has certainly not.
Attempting to predict the changes likely to take place in practices and in the world at large and their consequences for Institutional education policy, has been a function of the educational committees of the Institution and the centres of full-time education, all of whom have been addressing the question since early 1985. Alternative Entry
In addition to the students coming in through the normal channels and two non-uniform routes have emerged during the eighties.
The graduate entry scheme, which attracts entrants with both cognate and non-cognate degrees, has swelled the numbers entering the profession generally, and the Building Surveyors Division in particular.
The cognate degree holders, i.e. those with degrees in building or civil engineering, present no notable challenge, offering as they do subject attainment closely allied to that normally required.
But the non-cognate degree holder, with for example a degree in languages, mathematics or geography, offers other prospects and his presence has noticeably increased.
Prior to 1980, only thirty-one non-cognate candidates in total put themselves forward for examination, but in the period 19804, eighty have gained membership, following the special examination route devised for them.
It would appear that the employer has a predilection for this type of trainee, and this trend may well increase in future years.
The other, probably more significant innovation, is that of the mixed mode degree, at present only offered by Thames Polytechnic.
Recognising that the employment market, and the preferences of students and of their parents fluctuate, and that full-time learning facilities should also be available to the part-time student, a course of study has been structured so that the student can opt for full-time and sandwich or part-time attendance, as employment or personal circumstances dictate.

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The market for computer graphics will be worth $8 billion…

finndennis — Sun, 04 Jul 2010 19:43:43 +0000

The market for computer graphics will be worth $8 billion by 1986 and twice its 1982 value, according to the Pacific Technology Centre of California.
Manufacturers of computer-aided design systems are jockeying aggressively to take advantage of this potential goldmine.
Peter Jones, of the ISO in Geneva and said: “The US is crying out for copies of the draft standard.
It is a true, international standard; its importance to the industry is worth billions of dollars in the US.
GKS is an enormous work of 280 pages that describes a set of functions for computer graphics programming.”
Sigma Electronic Systems of Sussex has already introduced a series of terminals that conform to GKS.
Dave Rosenthal of Edinburgh University chaired the BSI committee that recommended GKS be adopted as a British Standard.
He accuses the Americans of being xenophobic: “It’s very difficult for the Americans because it’s most unusual for them to adopt a standard not written by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
“There are many people in computer graphics in the US who don’t believe that anyone outside the country knows anything about the subject at all.”
The mighty IBM, which has probably set more industry standards than most other organisations put together, is not being drawn into the argument. “We’re not ready to say anything about GKS yet.
We’re watching it and we’re aware of it,” a spokesman sniffed. Cheap oil bleeds energy research
THE EEC’s alternative energy projects are the latest victims of the world slump in oil prices.
The Council of Ministers is split on the amount of cash aid that should go to projects, now at the demonstration stage, which would provide an alternative to imported oil.

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Activity Management consultancy…

finndennis — Mon, 28 Jun 2010 16:10:29 +0000

Activity Management consultancy
In May, PA chief executive John Foden spent a week decorating his cottage in Cornwall. “It’s a good way to take your mind off work,” he says.
There are plenty of worries to leave behind.
Australia has been his main concern recently.
“We were saying the recession there was the worst since the second world war,” he comments. “Now we are saying it is the worst since the 1930s.”
Even so and there are glimmers amid the gloom.
“The Australian market has collapsed, but I think our market share has increased dramatically.
It’s cold comfort, of course, when there isn’t much of a market to have a share of. But when we come out of it and things will be great.”
Meanwhile, PA has put back its forecast of recovery to early 1992.
At the turn of the year, clients dithered about signing up for consultancy projects.
But £2.5 million of extra work booked in May ” with no dithering ” gives Foden the sense that, now the initial shock of the slump has worn off, business is returning to its normal rhythms, albeit in a lower key.
He admits, however and to being torn over the interest rate argument; part of him wants to see rates held to stabilise the economy, but he also wants to see quick cuts to boost business. Matthew Lynn
Employee remuneration levels, actual and budgeted and shown as a percentage of company income. SETTLING OLD DEBTS

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During this time Alcock had begun the long process of…

finndennis — Sun, 27 Jun 2010 05:41:50 +0000

During this time Alcock had begun the long process of memorising the night sky; by 1932 he already knew the position of most stars that can be seen by the naked eye.
Following the inroads made by professional astronomers, he abandoned meteor observations, and as a new challenge he began in 1953 to sweep the sky for comets, at first using a 10-cm (4-inch) refractor.
But the telescope’s field of view was too small, and it was not until 1959, when he acquired a giant pair of German anti-aircraft binoculars and that success came.
The tripod-mounted binoculars, magnifying 25 times and with lenses 105 mm in diameter, proved ideal for locating faint, fuzzy comets.
At the end of August 1959, after six years of patient searching, Alcock found two comets within a week. Surprisingly and they were the first comets found from Britain this century.
He discovered other comets in February 1963 and September 1965 and so that four of these interplanetary spectres now bear Alcock’s name, providing him with immortality written in the sky. A ludicrous task
During the 1960s Alcock became convinced that many novae, or “new” stars and that flared up to just below naked eye visibility were being missed by astronomers.
Novae are now believed to be caused by gas spilling from one star to another in a close double-star system, but 30 years ago they were a complete mystery; only two dozen had been spotted in time for astronomers to study them while they were still erupting.
Alcock saw this as another opportunity to produce valuable results, but first, he would have to learn the stars down to magnitude eight, over six times fainter than those visible to the naked eye.
Building on his knowledge of the sky gained during the earlier work on meteors, he began in 1955 to memorise the sky seen through binoculars.
At first, he doubted his ability to succeed at his self-appointed task, which seemed “utterly formidable, completely ludicrous”.
Slowly, aided by a remarkable memory for visual patterns, he became familiar with the endless series of new star groups.
When the constellations Monoceros and Canis Major reappeared after five months behind the Sun he found that he had not forgotten the positions of more than 300 stars. “This really kept me going,” he explains.
After six years of study and the sky as seen through binoculars was etched on his memory.
At the start of 1961 he began a serious nova-patrol and since then has divided his observing time between novae and comets and keeping late-night vigils which his wife Mary soon became used to.
For nova-hunting, Alcock uses hand-held binoculars which he can sweep freely over the sky as he reclines in a deckchair.
The tripod-mounted binoculars are too cumbersome and too powerful for this purpose.
On July 8, 1967, Alcock discovered his first nova, in the constellation Delphinus.
He notified the Royal Greenwich Observatory, which confirmed the discovery and cabled the central clearing house for astronomical telegrams at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Alcock’s nova was world news.
Even the giant 5-m reflector on Palomar Mountain was taken off its normal duties and turned towards Alcock’s new star. He swells with pride at the thought.
The following year Alcock discovered a second nova in the nearby constellation Vulpecula.

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Lost pulsar…

finndennis — Sun, 20 Jun 2010 15:16:40 +0000

Lost pulsar
“Almost 15 years to the day after the first pulsar was found at Cambridge… “(Monitor, 2 December, p 562).
What was it doing there?
Frank Spence Eastbourne, East Sussex
Due credit
We all know how difficult it is for scientists to obtain their due recognition.
I would like to thank you for helping my case by removing the names of my coauthors ” Jim Bull and Robert Paxton ” from the article “Why some insects look pretty nasty”(6 January, p 26). Paul Harvey University of Sussex Brighton
Physics Olympiad
May I appeal for more sixth-form entries for the 14th International Physics Olympiad?
The contests in chemistry and mathematics are relatively well known and sponsored.
The UK final takes place in schools on 11 March, and the closing date for entries (to this address) is 28 February. I would be pleased to answer any inquiries.
W. H. Jarvis Salewheel House Salesbury Hall Road Ribchester Preston Lancs Letters to the editor
We welcome letters from our readers.
Short communications stand the best chance of publication.
We reserve the right to edit the longer ones.
Write to: Letters to the Editor,New Scientist Commonwealth House, 119 New Oxford St London WC1A ING. ARIADNE
WHETHER or not the atomic bomb tests at Monte Bello affected the servicemen concerned there by radiation so that they may have developed forms of cancer is not proved and possibly is not susceptible of proof.
What astonishes me is that the whole subject of injury from radiation seems to have been treated at the time with a casualness that approaches imbecility.
I find it almost incredible that the men taking part in the tests were not monitored regularly throughout the rest of their lives, if only for scientific and not humanitarian reasons.
It is just as unbelievable that the Ministry of Defence apparently does not know what happened to them afterwards, what careers they followed.
It is hardly the way to show that there can be no connection between cases of leukaemia and participation in the tests.

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The dark band below the centre is the…

finndennis — Sun, 06 Jun 2010 18:49:51 +0000

The dark band below the centre is the innermost dust lane, dense enough to absorb some infrared; the dust lane in fact glows slightly “red” with 2.2-mm radiation from regions within it where stars are forming.
Dominating the infrared view, but dimmed to insignificance in the optical, is the galaxy’s central nucleus and shining with the brilliance of 50 million Suns. Infrared also helps us probe the heart of our own Milky Way Galaxy.
Dust in the Galaxy completely blots out the view for optical astronomers, dimming the light from anything there to an undetectable one million-millionth of its true brightness. Yet infrared shows this region in spectacular detail (figure 4).
This picture is centred on a tiny radio source that astronomers believe to mark the Galaxy’s very centre.
The coding here is blue for 1.6-mm radiation, green for 2.2 mm and red for 3.8 mm.
The brilliant “white” star at the top, IRS 7, is a supergiant star as bright as 100 000 Suns, but with a temperature of only 2500 K. The red objects are cooler, and are not stars but warm clouds of gas and dust.
The “blue” objects are generally stars or clusters of stars that are hotter than IRS 7. But the blue “sources” in the central triplet are quite different.
Previous lower definition infrared results had shown these as one object, called IRS 16; this picture by Allen and his colleague John Storey shows the triple structure for the first time.
In this case and the two outer (and brighter) objects are probably hot gas clouds, heated up by young hot stars within them.
Storey and Allen suggest that the faint central member of the triplet is different: it is the star cluster at the very centre of the Galaxy.
As we look in closer to the centre, we expect the stars to be more closely packed together, and in this central pan of IRS 16 the infrared radiation comes from thousands of ordinary stars packed into a region only a hundred times larger than the Solar System. The biology of Loch Ness
Loch Ness and the creatures in it are at last yielding to thorough biological investigation.
Results from the Loch Ness and Morar project suggest that the loch might indeed harbour a large predator

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Stirling Moss OBE; Murray Walker, BBC TV motorsport…

finndennis — Tue, 01 Jun 2010 01:35:27 +0000

Stirling Moss OBE; Murray Walker, BBC TV motorsport commentator; Peter Foubister, publisher Autosport; Alan Henry, grand prix editor, Autocar & Motor The sponsor
XTRAC LTD
Xtrac is now the world leader in the design and manufacture of high performance transmission systems that time and again have helped motorsport teams to achieve the ultimate success.
There was a fear that, having come so close last year, Renault’s effort would face away in 1992.
That was what happened in 1984 when Renault’s Formula 1 programme fell into disarray the season after it had just been pipped at the final post by the Brabham-BMW team. Not a bit of it.
When the grand prix season opened in South Africa in March, it was a one-horse race.
Nigel Mansell and Riccardo Patrese simply blitzed the opposition with a devastating one-two result.
The McLaren-Honda partnership, which had dominated F1 racing since 1988, was relegated to the role of also-rans. The championship was never in doubt as Mansell reeled off victory after victory.
And whenever Honda or Ford threatened to close the gap and the Williams-Renault raised its game.
Without doubt and the technical excellence of the Williams chassis, with its active suspension and semi-automatic transmission and traction control, played a huge part in the partnership’s success. So did the driving skills of Nigel Mansell.
But easily the most impressive aspect of this year’s dominance was the sheer consistency and reliability of the car and its engine.
This was Renault’s fourth year with Williams and it was abundantly clear that the two companies had created a rarely achieved relationship between chassis builder and engine manufacturer, based on mutual respect and a firm resolve to win.
The fact that Renault managed this with the same V10 engine configuration with which it restarted its F1 programme in 1989, while those around them said a V12 would be needed, is testament to the company’s enormous confidence and strength of purpose. Shaun Campbell
winner Renault
Specialist Manufacturer
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Should this produce no improvement and then follow the measures described…

finndennis — Tue, 25 May 2010 14:48:31 +0000

Should this produce no improvement and then follow the measures described on pp 2135. Breast-fed babies
There are two main possibilities to be considered here: temporary lactose intolerance or other forms of food sensitivity.
If your baby only has colic in the evening and then a temporary deficit in lactase, due to the morning feed being larger than usual, is a possibility (see p 202).
There are various ways of reducing the amount of milk in the morning feed, and these are worth trying.
The simplest approach is to let the baby feed first from one breast only and then from the other ” rather than keep switching breasts. This reduces the amount of milk produced overall.
If this has no effect and try expressing some milk before the morning feed; refrigerate or freeze it for use later.
For advice on how to express milk contact one of the breast-feeding advice groups whose addresses are given on pp 3367.
Another method is to give the baby a small amount of boiled water from a bottle before the morning feed and so that it feels full more quickly, or to feed from one breast only ” this will tend to reduce your supply of milk overall and so you should only do this if you know your milk is plentiful.
For the baby who does not respond to this, or who has colic at any time of day, food intolerance should be investigated (see pp 2157). Smoking and babies don’t mix!
One significant measure that any mother with a colicky baby should take is to stop smoking and get their partners to stop.
Whether you are breast-feeding or bottle-feeding, cigarette smoke will make your baby more prone to colic.
In the case of breast-feeding mothers and some of the toxins from the cigarettes that enter the bloodstream are passed into the milk and have a direct effect on the baby’s delicate stomach lining. DIARRHOEA IN RABIES AND CHILDREN

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In the field of direct-energy weapons (” death rays”) the…

finndennis — Sun, 09 May 2010 03:29:05 +0000

In the field of direct-energy weapons (” death rays”) the Russians are well ahead.
Their high-energy laser programme, concentrating on chemical lasers, is three to five times the size of its US equivalent.
The Pentagon believes that, using existing technology and the Russians could deploy laser weapons as early as the mid-1980s. Extraterrestrials have landed on Antarctica
The southern icy continent has been yielding a harvest of strange meteorites Ursula B. Marvin.
WITHIN the past decade and the thick ice sheet that covers Antarctica has yielded more than 5000 fragments of meteorite.
The vast majority are specimens of stony meteorites and types already abundant in the world’s museums; but a few have proved to be entirely new species.
In addition, about 36 fragments of metallic nickel-iron meteorites have been collected, one of which contains minute diamonds, and is the second of its kind known in the world.
Indeed and the ice sheet’s frozen cargo may include meteorite specimens derived not only from the fragmentation of asteroids and possibly of comets but also from the Moon and Mars.
This week, about 20 scientists, attending the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, compared results of preliminary studies on a meteorite found by a US party in the final days of its 198182 expedition to Antarctica.
The 31-gram specimen, about the size of an apricot, has properties in common with”soils from the lunar highlands.
If the evidence proves conclusive and this will be the first piece of the Moon ever found on Earth.
In addition, new data strengthen the idea that a group of nine unusual stony meteorites may have come from Mars.
Two of the specimens were found in Antarctica and one each in Egypt, France, Brazil and the US, Nigeria, India and Australia.
Thus, years after the US and the USSR last sent space probes to the Moon to gather rock samples, a rich harvest of exciting new samples from space is turning up on Earth and which often raise more questions than they answer. TO SEARCH for Antarctic meteorites is an exhilarating adventure.
It takes one to the high, isolated polar desert at the height of the summer season.

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Love also involves risk.

finndennis — Sat, 08 May 2010 03:01:09 +0000

Love also involves risk.
Having a child means taking an enormous risk in emotional terms, as well as in other ways.
We have been responsible for launching our children into life and are well aware that we have made the usual crop of mistakes, even though we have tried our hardest to do what is best for them.
Most of what follows, now that they are nearly grown up, is not within our power to decide.
We cannot be accountable for the choices that our children are going to make, even though we have contributed to those choices.
We have to leave them to be independent and responsible people in their own right.
But, not surprisingly, many parents continue to feel anxious and tense and sad about their children. I have been through all these emotions myself.
I found comfort ” although at times I had to struggle to do so ” from knowing that God is the Father,par excellence , and he therefore knew exactly how I was feeling.
Better still, he loves my children even more than I do and wants what is best for them. I prayed for them in their growing up years more than I had ever done before.
I prayed that God would protect them, now that I no longer could, and that he would bring them close to him too. I have also learned to pray that God will do what he sees is best for them.
Now, a number of years later, I have seen some of God’s plans for them come about and realize how much he has cared for them and kept them safe.
John White, who writes both as a psychiatrist and as a father, comments in Parents in Pain , “I do not know what destiny whether small or great God plans for the children who most concern you.
I do know that you will have more peace if you can grasp how crucial relinquishment is, how utterly safe it is to place your children in God’s sure hands.”

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